Remote Healthcare, Robotic Surgery & Future of Medicine

The field of medicine has made significant advancements in recent years, with the integration of robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) revolutionising the way surgeries are performed. Robotic surgery, guided by AI algorithms, has enabled doctors to conduct complex procedures with enhanced precision and improved patient outcomes. In this article, we will explore the intersection of robotics, AI, and medicine, and discuss how these technologies are shaping the future of surgical interventions.

Healthcare Progress in Albania

Albania, a country in Southeast Europe of ~3 million people, has made significant strides in improving its healthcare system during past 3 decades. This article explores the various initiatives and advancements that have contributed to the progress of healthcare in Albania. From the enhancement of public health measures to the integration of improved technology in medicine, Albania has been making commendable efforts to ensure the well-being of its citizens. The healthcare sector in Albania has witnessed remarkable progress in recent years. There has been active investment in infrastructure development and implementing policies to enhance healthcare accessibility and quality

To Vape or Not to Vape

IS VAPING SAFE? According to NHS-UK vaping is not completely risk-free but it poses a small fraction of the risk of smoking tobacco. We do not know yet long-term implications and dangers posed by vaping, since e-cigarettes are a relatively new product on the market. Two most harmful elements of smoking - that are not present in vaping - are Tar and Carbon Monoxide. Harmful chemicals exist in vapour and liquid that also can be found in tobacco but at lower levels. 

Dr Besi on Vaping Culture & Industry

Vaping culture refers to the social norms, practices, and identities associated with the use of e-cigarettes and other vaping devices. The culture has emerged as the popularity of vaping has increased in recent years. Vaping culture encompasses a wide range of activities, from cloud-chasing competitions to the sharing of e-juice recipes and the creation of online communities dedicated to vaping.

What is Vaping

The Risks of Tobacco Use

Tobacco use is associated with a range of health risks. Smoking increases the risk of many types of cancer, including lung cancer[1]. It also increases the risk of heart disease, as studies show a direct link between cigarette smoking and coronary heart disease[1]. Tobacco use, including during teenage years, increases the risk of dying from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)[1].

Pregnant women who smoke or use tobacco products are at increased risk of complications such as premature birth, low birth weight, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)[1]. Second-hand smoke exposure is also harmful, causing an estimated 41,000 deaths from lung cancer and heart disease among non-smoking adults each year in the United States. [1]

Main Dangers of Smoking

1. Lung Cancer – nr. 1 death in all types of cancer
2. Heart Disease & Stoke
3. COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) Emphysema and Asthma
4. Affects women’s reproductive system & premature/ low birth-weight babies
5. Diabetes

Smoking is a significant public health concern in the United Kingdom and Europe. Tobacco consumption is the largest avoidable behavioural risk factor for health in the European Union, accounting for about 700,000 deaths per year [1]. In the UK, smoking is one of the leading causes of death and illness, with around 78,000 people dying from smoking-related illnesses each year [2]. Smoking increases the risk of developing more than 50 serious health conditions, including cancer, heart disease, and respiratory diseases.

Despite several attempts to reduce smoking rates, the prevalence of smoking remains high in some parts of Europe. According to a report by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), over 25% of adults smoke in Greece, Turkey, and Russia [2]. In the UK, the smoking rate has declined in recent years, with 14.7% of adults smoking in 2019 [3]. However, smoking rates remain higher among certain groups, such as those with lower incomes and those with mental health conditions [3].

Efforts to reduce smoking rates in the UK and Europe include tobacco taxes, advertising bans, and smoking cessation programs. In the UK, the government has set a target to reduce smoking rates to 12% or less by 2022[2]. The European Union has also implemented measures to reduce smoking rates, including pictorial health warnings on cigarette packages and restrictions on advertising [4].

Sources:

[1.] https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/health_effects/index.htm

[2.] https://www.nhs.uk/common-health-questions/lifestyle/what-are-the-health-risks-of-smoking/

[3.] https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommun

[4.] https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/1c429c01-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/1c429c01-en

Smoking in Albania

According to a report by the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of current adult smokers (18 years and older) in Albania was 34.9% in 2007, with men having a much higher smoking rate (58.8%) than women (11.5%)[1]. Although the law technically forbids smoking in public spaces like restaurants, bars, and workplaces, some Albanians regularly smoke in those places, especially at night and on weekends [2]. 

Medicine and Artificial Intelligence

AI is likely to transform medicine in the near future, bringing benefits in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease. Healthcare and artificial intelligence are joining forces to create safer patient care. AI can gather data, organise patient records, and diagnose illnesses. Hospitals can use AI to improve healthcare operations and cut down on errors. Artificial intelligence is here to optimise every aspect medicine.

Human degradation & AI

Some say is a strong correlation even before we can see 1% of effects and as AI is in its infancy. While its true that anima is lacking and it might forever be, as the AI can’t have ‘a soul’ and neither cognitive abilities as we know them; in a nutshell we have a ‘large amount of data’ condensed stats that by law of averages or probability can make ‘a decision’ nothing more...

Consequences of arresting medical personnel

As with most countries in Europe, Albania is under-resourced in terms of medical care. This can lead to instances of negligence and poor patient outcomes, two situations that are often criticised by population and media. Although the European Union is trying to reduce the number of doctors leaving due to unbearable workloads, many Albanian doctors have already left. The Albanian health system has been suffering from a lack of funding and other problems that began shortly after the fall of communism.

Brain drain in medical professionals

Albanian medical professionals are leaving the country in large numbers in search of opportunities abroad, prompting warnings from both the World Health Organisation, media and the Albanian Government that the situation threatens to seriously destabilise health care in the country. 

Healthcare in Albania

Albania has been making some progress over the years in health care reform, through its National Health Strategy, introduced in 2011, updated in 2013 and later on; there are significant steps to increase the use of primary care services and promote quality care, reducing health inequalities and improving the health of its citizens.

Medicine in 21-st century

For most of human history the medicine we received was based on anecdotal evidence and guesswork. Now we have the ability to study how our bodies function and what makes them tick, we can also use evidence-based medicine to determine which treatments actually work and which don't, giving us a scientific basis for what we know about health. This has led to the development of cheap drugs that are not only cost-effective but effective enough that even developing nations can afford them.

Medical mistakes or medical malpractice

Medical mistakes or malpractice, are a serious and all-too-common problem in the field of medicine. In fact, it is estimated that nearly 1 in every 10 patients will experience some kind of medical mistake during their life. This can include misdiagnosis, surgical error, incorrect prescription or dosage, or even something as simple as forgetting to put on gloves before performing medical procedures. 

Lista e Barnave Esenciale

Meqe ne shkrimin me poshte [Tragjedia e Oksikotines] permenda  Barnat Esenciale, po ju sjell disa shpjegime qe kam bere ne vite per ilacet dhe abuzimin e tyre. Per here te pare OBSH-ja krijon Listen e Barnave Esenciale ne 1977, e cila rishikohet cdo 2 vite. Per femijet kjo liste krijohet ne 2007. Ne versionin aktual [update Sept., 2021] kemi Listen e Barnave Esenciale te 22-te dhe te 8-en Liste te Barnave Esenciale per Femijet. 

Tragjedia e Oksikotines / Oxycontin

Oksikontina (Oxycontin) emri i markes se ilacit Oksikodone (Oxycodone) Perdoret ne qetesimin e dhimbjeve te moderuara dhe te renda. Sjell varesi te larte dhe eshte nder barnat me te abuzuara te grupit te opioideve. Krijuar ne Gjermani (1916) sot futet ne Listen e Barnave Esenciale te OBSH-se.

Shendetesia Publike dhe shembull nga NASA

Shpesh kam analizuar ne besimin (e thyer) dhe Shendetesine Publike, kam shkruar disa libra direkt per te ose te lidhur me te. Pershembull ShendetesiaPublike si Aset Kombetar, bere fushata ne disa tematika, dhe nje te plote Shendetesia Publike [Prill-Qershor] dite-per-dite te DBMI;

Ju Flet Pandemia

Te DBMI_ISSUU publikova nje ese ne 2 versione (shqip & anglisht) ne pandemine e COVID_19 qe po perjetojme te gjithe. Pasi mora leje per perkthim [publikuesit/ autori] nga nje reviste kanadeze, bera shqiperimin per lexuesit e mi. Kjo ese brilante nga Andrew Nikiforuk, editor & gazetar i revistes The Tyee, me pelqeu pa mase. Kendveshtrimi eshte i pazakonte e mjaft terheqes ne narrativen erudite. Ai e ben Pandemine te flase 'ne terma reale' pergjate historise njerezore. Theksoj se publikimi ne forme almanaku sjell qe lexuesit i krijohet mundesia ta ruaje online ose ne kompjuter/ tel. e ti ri-kthehet serish. Ky punim eshte shqiperimi i pare per mua, besoj qe ja vlen mundin. Ne ne kete mori botimesht per Covid_19 eshte nder te paktet ku kam hasur kaq qartesi dhe thjeshtesi ne nje situate dinamike qe ka bere lemsh planetin tone. 

Koronavirusi ne Bote, Britani dhe Shqiperi

Semundja infektive e Koronavirusit Covid -19 per here te pare u has ne Dhjetor te 2019 ne Kine si nje semundje e re dhe epidemi lokale. Shpejt krijohen epiqendra rajonale [Kine, Japoni, Itali, Britanine e Madhe etj] dhe me pas mori permasat e nje pandemie globale e cila eshte ne vazhdim.  Simptomat: ethe, temperature, dobesi, kolle, marrje fryme, dhimbje muskulore, diarre, humbje te sensacioneve te nuhatjes dhe shijes, ndersa ne disa raste nuk ka simptoma fare. Komplikacionet: semundje akute pulmonare, fibroze pulmonare, pneumoni, sepsis viral, sindromi i leshimit te citokinave, insuficence renale dhe pulmonare, etj. DBMI

Koronavirusi, Covid_19 ne Britanine e Madhe.

Pas konsultimeve me ekspertet e Shendetesise qeveria konservatore e Kr/M B. Johnson vendosi te lirohen kufizimet nga pandemia me 19.07.2021. Nje kronologji e shkurter ne Pandemine e Covid-19. Rasti i I.re raportohet me 31 Janar 2020. Ne Mars Covid futet te semundjet qe duhen njoftuar.  23 Mars filloi lockdown. Njerezit keshillohen te vete-izolohen. Akti i Koronavirusit 2020 i dha Qeverise fuqi te jashtezakonshme, ku Policia mbikqyrte zbatimin e masave te karantines dhe izolimit. DBMI

A eshte e sigurte vaksina AstraZeneca?

Vaksinat Covid_19 si fillim perdoren per personat me co-morbiditete qe rrisin riskun per komplikacine te renda nga COVID-19, si diabeti, semundjet kardiovaskulare, obeziteti e problemet ne mushkeri. Mund te jepet te grate qe ushqejne femijet me gji e grate shtatezena nese ato jane ne grupet high-risk [punojne ne shendetesi] AstraZeneca - sipas OBSH-se nuk rekomandohet per moshat nen 18 vjecare deri sa te kete studime me te plota. 

Tipet e Vaksinave per Covid19

Njerezit kerkojne te dine per vaksinat Covid_19 ne zhvillim e siper dhe te aprovuarat qe po aplikohen ne popullate, si jane krijuar, mekanizmin dhe sa efektive jane. Krijimi i vaksinave ka  nivel te larte deshtimi (93%) zbulimi, eksperimenti e testimet ne disa shkalle shkojne 2-5 vite. Ne total kerkohen ~10 vite pune e 1 vaksine kushton ~500$ milione. Sa me siper shihen ne varesi te semundjes e kompleksitetit te situates. 

Si ndryshojne Vaksinat e Kovid_19

Nga fillimet e pandemise kur publiku mesoi termat koronavirus e 'imunizim grupi' [herd immunity] filloi te flitej per vaksinen dhe shpresat qe do sillte ne kufizim e kontroll te saj. Kane qene ne gare institucione e kompani private, dhe natyrisht te interesuar te gjitha shtetet filluar nga ato me potencial te larte investues e shkencor. 

A jane te rrezikshme vaksinat?

Jo. Sipas NHS Britanik: (a) vaksinat mbrojne ju e femijet tuaj nga semundje me potencial vdekjeprurse (b) mbrojne te tjeret ne komunitet duke kufizuar perhapjen e semundjeve (c) testohen per vite para perdorimit e monitorohen per efekte-anesore (d) efektet e buta anesore, zakonisht te disa femije, nuk zgjasin mese 2-3 dite ka pak bezdi ose enjtje krahu (e) nese vaksinohet mjaftueshem nje popullate, reduktohet ndjeshem ose edhe zhduket semundja.

Levizja anti-vaksine, i.e anti-vaxxers

Levizja anti-vaccine [Agl. anti-vaxxer movement] s'eshte e re por sot haset shpesh me komunikimin masiv ku cdokush ka nje soap-box (sic) flet pa free ne internet; perhapja eshte me e lehte se dekada me pare. Aq problematike eshte bere kjo ide sa OBSH e ka 'identifikuar ne top 10 kercenimet e shendetit global' [2019] (foto credit nga AsapSCIENCE, kanal edukativ shkencor ne Youtube me ~10,000,000 abonente) 

Rreziku nga smdj. infektive, ngjitese & te transmetueshme

"Qofte sikur spekullimi te lejoje per zhdukjen e 1/3-es te popullsise ne Europe, kjo eshte shifer shume e larte me pasoja imediate e te mevonshme. Per muaj vite dhe shekuj pati perhapje te tjera, megjithese me te vogla, te murtajes bubonike. Popullata jetonte nen friken e perhershme te rikthimit te kesaj semundje. Meqe mungonte krahu i punes, njerezit filluan te kerkojne me shume pagese por pronaret refuzonin. Menjehere pasuan revoltat e fshatareve ne France, itali, Belgjike dhe Angli. "

Rendesia dhe Suksesi i Vaksinave

Para se te flasim per suksesin, do ishte mire te bejme nje pyetje: ku do te ishim sot pa vaksinat? Dhe te mendohemi ne pergjigje. Jo shume kohe me pare (disa dekada) semundjet ngjitese, infektive & transmetueshme shkaktonin miliona viktima. Polio qe konsiderohet gati e zhdukur ka sjelle miliona viktima cdo vit, me paraliza ose vdekje.

Vaksinat, funksioni, herd immunity (sic) & historik

Organizmat qe shkaktojne semundje quhen patogjene (Angl., pathogens) Trupi ka disa menyra per tu mbrojtur. Lekura & mukozat jane barriera e pare, ciliet [qimet, p.sh ne hunde] e sistemi imunitar qe i lufton dhe asgjeson ose i mban ne nivele te kontrolluara. Me patogjene kuptojme bakteriet, viruset, kerpurdhat, myket ose parazitet qe bartin semundje dhe e percojne ate te njeriu kur futen ne trup. 

Semundje ngjitese apo te transmetueshme

Me Mars, 2020 kam publikuar Koronavirusi - Covid_19 (356 fq.) te cilin do ta revizonoj ne nje kohe tjeter ose te shkruaj nje vellim te dyte. Megjithese faktet e shume konkluzione paraprake aty qendrojne, per pandemite konkluzionet jepen post facto dhe jo post haste. [pasi ka mbaruar, jo me shpjetesi e gjate saj] Semundje ne shkalle globale, si kjo nje pandemi nga semundje e re & virus i panjohur, kane veshtiresi ne diagnostike e statistika totalar. Akoma sot pas 100 vitesh nuk dime numrin e sakte te viktimave nga Gripi Spanjoll (1918-20) ku disa studiues thone kane qene 50-80 ose edhe 100,000,000 te tille.

Shendetesia Publike Rregullohet Lehte

Establishmenti politik i tranzicionit korruptiv, media dhe interesa te caktuara; nuk duan qe ju ta dini kete por eshte e vertete. Sh. P. Sh perdoret ne premtime fushatash elektorale dhe opozitat per goditje. Me teper si lufte prerje shiritash e mburrje kur jane ne pushtet; dhe kritika te kota dhe trembjes se publikut kur e kane humbur ate.

Sh.P.Sh. duhet depolitizuar & ndare ne Truste Shendetesore

“Shendetesia Publike - duhet te thyhet qe te rregullohet”

Nuk flas per vitin 0, as antagonizmin standart ‘Ne dhe Ata’ Nuk eshte nevoja te shpiket rrota por me mend me koke dhe kembe ne toke, duke ruajtuar ate qe krijuam me mund; te ndalojme hemorragjine drastike ne fillim, te vete-riparohemi dhe te ecim perpara ne kete sektor vital 

Reforma ne Shendetesi, shembulli nga Kosta Rika

KetoAcidoza Diabetike dhe Guta

Rendesia e Shendetesise Publike

EHCI dhe Shendetesia Publike ne skandale

EHCI 2017 & Shqiperia

Shendetesia Publike dhe Besimi Publik

Vlera historike si bie, ngelet nder faktoret primare qe ne 1-1.5 gjenerata 4-fishoi popullaten me te prapambetur e te varfer ne Europe. Sot, mund te perkulesh pas ne tautologji e te besh akrobaci llogjike nisur dhe nga krenaria e shkuar dhe sherbimin qe ka bere per kombin; por realitetin nuk e mohon dot.

Shendetesia Publike si dega me problematike

Shendetesia Publike ne format aktual ngelet dega me problematike per te cilen flitet me pak per ndryshime; dobesite jane te tilla sa punen e mire qe ben nuk ja vleresojne.  Karakteristikat: naiviteti e keq-manaxhimi [rasti me i mire, pasi dominon arroganca e korrupsioni] >>> 

Observime

Rankimi Sistemeve Shendetesore Europiane